Constraining the Dense Matter Equation of State with Next-Generation Pulsar Timing Arrays

Radio-frequency observations of millisecond pulsars play a key role in determining the equation of state (EoS) of supranuclear-density matter in neutron star interiors. High-precision timing of massive pulsars provides direct constraints on the EoS, as valid models must explain the existence of neutron stars larger than ~2 solar masses. Pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments, such as the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav), provide unique opportunities to conduct these mass measurements for a growing and diverse sample of pulsar binaries. In this talk, I will present a recent mass constraint for PSR J1231-1411 obtained with the Green Bank and Nançay radio telescopes, highlighting the benefit of long-term radio timing campaigns for even poorly-determined neutron star masses. I will then discuss preparations for the new era of PTA science, including a novel gamma-ray PTA. Next-generation observing facilities and new pulsar timing techniques will not only help elucidate the origin of the nHz gravitational background, but will also allow for unprecedented precision in neutron star mass measurements to support further constraints on the dense matter EoS.